Interesting (9 minute) video. The speaker however misses two points:

1. Why did Europeans venture out in the first place? (My answer: to evangelise, not primarily to trade.)
2. Why did North America, but not South/Latin America, industrialise concurrently with Europe? (I don’t know, but could the answer be Max Weber’s ‘protestant work ethic’? It was mainly the Protestant countries in Europe which industrialised first and fastest – along with Protestant North America. Among the European Catholic countries it was the regions closest to the Protestant countries: France, Belgium, Austria and north (!) Italy. It was also those countries with easy access to the rest of the world (sea ports), i.e, not the eastern European countries (Poland as such didn’t exist in the time in question until after WW1).

Here’s the description under the video:

Contrary to popular belief, the European colonization of the Americas was made possible not by the Europeans having superior technology, but by the inadvertent introduction of pathogens from the Eastern Hemisphere that had not previously been present in the Americas.

This accounts for the fact that when the Europeans were colonizing the Americas in the 1500s and 1600s, they were not also colonizing Africa and Asia (with a few exceptions). It was not possible for the Europeans to colonize most parts of Africa and Asia at the time, because the people there already had the same technologies and the same diseases that the Europeans had.

Of course, Europeans did end up colonizing Africa and Asia, but not until the 1800s. This was suddenly possible then, when it hadn’t been earlier, because the Industrial Revolution happened to begin in Europe then. Within just a few generations, industrial technology also spread to the rest of the world, but by then the Europeans and people of European descent had managed to establish their preeminence in world affairs.

The economic, military, and technological superiority of the countries of Europe and of people of European descent traces back only as far as the Industrial Revolution in the 1800s. Before that, Europeans had no advantages over the countries of Asia and Africa.